The decision to resuscitate a newborn that is unlikely to survive is a complex one that should involve physicians, other health care professionals, and parents. However, these decisions must also be made quickly. In these cases, timely and appropriate decision-making can decide whether an infant dies, survives with impairment, or survives intact. The consequences of the decisions — positive or negative –- are almost immediate. Medical professionals bring their judgment and experience, as well as perceived obligations and legal mandates to the decision-making; parents bring cultural, personal, ideological, and religious beliefs to the decision-making. Who should be permitted to make the final judgment of what treatment is in the best interest of the child?