The Antennae Galaxies are among the closest known merging systems. Also known as NGC 4038 and NGC 4039, the two began interacting a few hundred million years ago, creating one of the most impressive sights in the night sky. They are used by scientists as a standard against which to validate theories of galactic evolution.

The team targeted a region in the relatively quiescent outer regions in the southern tidal tail, away from the active central regions. This tail consists of material thrown from the main galaxies as they collided. The scientists needed to observe regions with older red giant stars to derive an accurate distance. Red giants are known to reach a standard brightness, which can then be used to infer their distance.