Midbrain dopamine neurons play important roles in motor control, reward, addiction, attention, and cognition [1,2].

30% of the population will be over the age of 65 y around 2025 [3]

midbrain dopamine neurons are derived from the floor plate and that foxa2 plays a central role in specifying dopamine neurons.

he initial deficit is asymmetric and preferentially affects dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra (SN) while leaving the ventral tegmental area (VTA) intact, a pattern of sensitivity also seen in Parkinson patients [20]

The foxa2 Gene Controls the Birth and Spontaneous Degeneration of Dopamine Neurons in Old Age